The CoreMoment Bug Out Bag Guide

I’ve debated doing an article on Prepper related stuff. I’m not one to wander into political conversations, mainly because I’m about as apolitcal as it comes. Give me a tent, a fire and clear view of the sky and I’m pretty damn content. That said, there is something about being just a little bit prepared regardless of the situation. It always pays to be vigilant and ready to go in case of a natural disaster (I lean like 90% in this direction) or civil unrest (my other 10%). My home base is in tornado alley and when the threat of thunderstorms arises, you can usually catch me on my deck or handing out in the garage with the door open enjoying the spectacular feats of nature – much to my wife’s chagrin.

Just in the first 3 months and a few odd days of 2025, we’ve already had wildfires that advanced into Los Angeles, blizzard conditions that closed big stretches of the midwest interstate system, and tornadoes/flooding throughout the southern plains and lower east coast. Last year, a tornado devastated a couple of neighborhoods less than 5 miles from my house.

I’m a firm believer that if tornadoes are bearing down on my location, the best way to avoid them is getting out of their way. Our vehicles are always backed in to our driveway, I have Radar Omega on my iPad and we can grab a Go Bag from the laundry room on the way out to the garage. And as a dad with a couple of late-teenage drivers still in the house, I’ve always tried to prepare them with at least a minor sense of preparedness. This article is pretty much a recap of much of what I’ve taught them. Keep in mind each of our vehicles also has its own bug out bag to some extent, which is updated seasonally.

Do you like articles like these? Is this something you’d like to see more of? Please let me know.

I’ve spent quite a bit of time over the last couple weeks trying to write something that fits with my practical mindset, some recommendations from authors I like, civil and government agencies and a ton of YouTube videos – in fact, my YouTube algorithm is now fully immersed in prepper videos that my wife rolled her eyes when she hit the YouTube app on our AppleTV the other night and asked if there is anything we need to talk about. As soon as this is published I need to jump into my watch history and delete everything to get my feed sorted back out to my usual mix of space, tech, camping and music (shout out to Professor of Rock) videos.

And just so you know I practice what I preach, here’s the aforementioned laundry room with our three Go Bags (one for each vehicle). From left to right, the new Yeti Ranchero, Vertx Ready Pack 2, and original Goruck GR1 (all conveniently hiding and noise-dampening my homelab setup which you can sort of see poking out from behind). Coming soon in a future article I’ll unpack one of these bags and show you everything I keep ready to go (maybe one day, we’ll talk about the homelab).

Understanding Bug Out Bags: Beyond the Basics

When emergency management professionals discuss “vertical evacuation” from floods, “lateral evacuation” from wildfires, or “shelter in place” scenarios during certain emergencies, they’re working from a sophisticated understanding of disaster response that goes beyond basic preparedness. A properly designed bug out bag (BOB) — also called a 72-hour kit, go bag, or emergency evacuation kit — fits into this nuanced approach to emergency management.

According to recent studies by the American Red Cross, nearly 80% of Americans believe they’re prepared for a disaster, yet fewer than 40% have actually developed an emergency plan or assembled comprehensive emergency supplies. This disconnect represents a dangerous gap in actual preparedness.

The Reality of Evacuations

Recent large-scale evacuations from hurricanes, wildfires, and floods have provided emergency management experts with valuable data on evacuation behaviors:

The average household takes about 2-4 hours to evacuate after deciding to leave
Most evacuees grab fewer than 10 items before departing
Nearly 65% of evacuees report forgetting critical items in the rush to leave
Those with pre-packed bug out bags report significantly lower stress levels and better decision-making during evacuations

A bug out bag bridges the gap between the theoretical understanding of what you need and the practical reality of what you’ll actually have available during an emergency evacuation.

The Strategic Approach to Bug Out Bag Design

The Core Philosophy: Tiered Planning

Emergency preparedness experts recommend approaching your bug out bag with a tiered philosophy:

Level 1 (Core Essentials): Items you absolutely cannot survive without, packed most accessibly and prioritized for space/weight Level 2 (Functional Necessities): Items that significantly improve your situation but aren’t immediately life-saving Level 3 (Comfort & Extended Duration): Items that enhance comfort and extend your self-sufficiency beyond 72 hours

This structured approach ensures that even if you can only grab part of your preparations, you’ll have the most critical items.

Selecting the Right Backpack: The Foundation

Your bug out bag begins with the bag itself. Rather than generic recommendations, consider these specific technical aspects:

Load Transfer System: Look for bags with proper hip belts that transfer 70-80% of the weight to your hips rather than your shoulders. This dramatically increases how far you can carry your equipment comfortably.

Material Considerations:

500D-1000D nylon provides the best balance of durability and weight
YKK zippers are industry standard for reliability
Bartacked stress points prevent failure under load

Recommended Capacity Range:

For most adults: 45-65 liters
For smaller-framed individuals: 35-45 liters
For those with children whose gear they’ll carry: 65-75 liters

Top Technical Picks:

Mystery Ranch 3-Day Assault Pack – Extraordinary weight distribution with tri-zip design for complete access
Kifaru EMR II – Exceptional load carriage capability
Hill People Gear Aston House BC – Balanced capabilities for mixed terrain

Essential Categories: Expert Analysis

Water Systems: Integrated Hydration Strategy

Water is consistently identified as the most critical component of any bug out bag. Instead of simply recommending water bottles, consider this integrated approach:

Immediate Hydration:

1-liter water bottle (readily accessible)
2-liter hydration bladder (integrated into pack)

Water Acquisition & Purification:

Sawyer Squeeze Filter (0.1 micron filtration, 100,000 gallon capacity)
Aquamira Drops (chemical purification as backup method)
Water collection container (collapsible 2-liter)

Advanced Considerations:

Filter maintenance kit (backflush syringe)
Electrolyte replacement (critical for sustained activity)
Water location maps for your evacuation routes

Water Weight Management Strategy: Water is heavy (1 liter = 2.2 lbs). The optimal approach balances carried water (minimum 1 liter) with acquisition capability, with resupply points identified along evacuation routes.

Shelter Systems: Environmental Protection Matrix

Your shelter system should be conceptualized as an integrated environmental protection matrix rather than just a tent or tarp. This systems-based approach includes:

Primary Shelter Components:

Ultralight tent or bivy (recommendation varies by climate and terrain)
Appropriate sleeping bag (temperature rated for your region’s coldest expected temperatures)
Insulating sleeping pad (critical for preventing conductive heat loss)

Environmental Modifiers:

Tarp or rainfly (multiple configurations possible)
Ground cloth (moisture barrier)
Cordage (minimum 50ft of 550 paracord)

Heat Management:

Fire starting redundancy (minimum 3 methods)
Heat reflective emergency blanket
Chemical heat sources (season-dependent)

Shelter Selection Decision Matrix:

Urban evacuation: Lower profile, faster deployment options
Wilderness evacuation: More robust weather protection
Mixed terrain evacuation: Adaptable, modular systems

Medical & Health: Beyond Basic First Aid

Emergency medical needs during evacuations go beyond basic cuts and scrapes. Your medical kit should be organized into treatment modules:

Trauma Module:

Pressure dressings
Hemostatic gauze
Tourniquets
Chest seals

Illness & Infection Module:

Fever reducers
Anti-diarrheal medication
Antibiotics (prescription required)
Antihistamines
Electrolyte replacement

Personal Medical Module:

Prescription medications (2-week supply minimum)
Personal medical devices and supplies
Medical information card with conditions, medications, allergies

Prevention Module:

Foot care supplies (blisters are the #1 preventable medical issue during evacuations)
Sunscreen
Insect repellent
Hand sanitizer and antimicrobial soap

Recommendation: Consider taking a Wilderness First Aid course at minimum to effectively use these supplies.

Food Systems: Strategic Nutrition

Food selection for bug out bags is often approached incorrectly, focusing on calories alone rather than comprehensive nutrition, preparation requirements, and psychological factors.

Caloric Requirements:

Active adult during evacuation: 2,500-3,500 calories/day
Performance declines significantly below 1,500 calories/day

Strategic Food Selection Criteria:

Calorie density (calories per ounce)
Nutritional completeness (macro and micronutrients)
Preparation requirements (fuel, water, time)
Shelf stability and rotation requirements
Psychological satisfaction (often overlooked but critical)

Recommended Food Types:

Freeze-dried meals (high calorie, complete nutrition, requires hot water)
Meal replacement bars (convenient, no preparation, complete nutrition)
Nut butters (extremely calorie dense, satisfying)
Jerky and dried meats (protein source)
Instant breakfast drinks (micronutrients)

Food Storage Strategy:

Package in daily rations for easier access and inventory
Vacuum seal to extend shelf life and protect from moisture
Include minimal cooking equipment based on selected foods

Tools & Equipment: Capability Multiplication

Tools should be selected based on their ability to multiply your capabilities rather than for specific single-use cases.

Core Multi-Purpose Tools:

Full-tang fixed blade knife (4-6 inch blade)
Multi-tool with pliers functionality
Compact folding saw

Task-Specific Tools:

Headlamp with red light mode (preserves night vision)
Fire starting tools (ferro rod, lighters, stormproof matches)
Signal mirror and whistle
Cordage (paracord and bankline)
Duct tape (wrapped around water bottle to save space)

Documentation & Navigation:

Waterproof paper maps of your area
Compass and navigation tools
Emergency contact information
Personal identification and emergency documents

Communication & Power: Maintaining Connection

Modern emergency response relies heavily on communication systems. Your bug out bag should include:

Communication Equipment:

Emergency radio (hand-crank/solar powered)
Cell phone with charger
Extra battery pack
Signal whistle
Emergency contact list (physical copy)

Power Management:

Solar charger
Spare batteries
Power converter options

Weight Management: The Critical Factor

One of the most common mistakes in bug out bag design is excessive weight. Research from both military sources and wilderness medicine journals indicates that carrying more than 25% of your body weight significantly impairs mobility and increases injury risk.

Weight Distribution Guidelines

Maximum Recommended Weights:

Physically fit adults: 20-25% of body weight
Average adults: 15-20% of body weight
Older adults or those with medical conditions: 10-15% of body weight
Children: 10% of body weight maximum

Weight Reduction Strategies:

Multi-Use Prioritization: Every item should serve at least two purposes
Critical Evaluation: Question every item with “What’s the consequence if I don’t have this?”
Skills Over Gear: Develop skills that reduce gear requirements
Distributed Carry: For families, distribute equipment among multiple bags
Tiered Packing: Organize by necessity, with less essential items packed last or in detachable sections

Regional Adaptations: Customizing Your Kit

Standard bug out bag advice often fails to account for regional variations in climate, terrain, and likely emergency scenarios. Your bug out bag should be customized for your specific environment.

Climate-Specific Adaptations

Hot/Arid Environments:

Increased water capacity and acquisition tools
Sun protection (hat, sunscreen, sun-protective clothing)
Electrolyte replacement
Lightweight, breathable clothing with good coverage

Cold/Winter Environments:

Insulated water containers to prevent freezing
Additional high-calorie food
Layered clothing system with moisture management
Enhanced shelter and fire-making capabilities
Chemical hand and body warmers

Humid/Tropical Environments:

Anti-fungal and moisture management supplies
Insect protection
Quick-dry clothing options
Water purification focused on biological contaminants

Urban Environments:

Dust/particulate masks
Pry bar or multi-tool with forced entry capabilities
Maps of public transportation and infrastructure
Cash in small denominations
Lightweight shelter options

Family Considerations: Beyond Individual Preparation

Most bug out bag resources focus on individual needs, but family evacuation presents unique challenges. Consider these family-specific strategies:

Age-Specific Considerations

Infants & Toddlers:

Diapers and wipes (calculate daily needs)
Formula/food (specialized nutritional needs)
Extra clothing (more frequent changes required)
Comfort items (psychological well-being)
Carrier system to maintain adult mobility

School-Age Children:

Age-appropriate personal bag (limits adult load)
Comfort/security items
Identification and contact information
Activity materials for psychological well-being
Family communication plan

Elderly Family Members:

Medication management (organized systems)
Mobility aids and spare parts
Medical documentation
Comfort considerations for chronic conditions

Family Organization Systems

Color Coding: Assign each family member a color; mark all their equipment accordingly Role Assignment: Distribute responsibilities among capable family members Reunification Plans: Establish meeting points and communication protocols Documentation: Include family photos and identification for all members

Real-World Testing: Lessons from Actual Evacuees

Interviews with hundreds of actual evacuees from recent disasters have revealed consistent patterns in what works and what doesn’t during real emergency evacuations.

Key Lessons from Recent Evacuations

Hurricane Evacuations (Gulf Coast):

Traffic congestion made 50-mile evacuations take 8+ hours
Fuel shortages affected over 60% of evacuees
Cash was essential when power outages disabled card systems
Communication systems were overwhelmed or disabled

Wildfire Evacuations (Western US):

Average notice before evacuation was less than 30 minutes
Smoke significantly impacted breathing and travel speed
Navigation challenges when familiar landmarks were obscured
Those with comprehensive go-bags reported significantly better outcomes

Flood Evacuations (Multiple Regions):

Water contamination was a major health hazard
Standard vehicles became unusable on many routes
Waterproof document protection proved critical
Extended displacement periods exceeded most people’s preparations

Expert Recommendations Based on Real Experiences:

Practice evacuation drills with realistic time constraints
Test your equipment under challenging conditions before you need it
Plan multiple evacuation routes and transportation methods
Prepare for longer displacement than you initially expect (minimum 7 days)

Maintenance Schedule: Keeping Your Bug Out Bag Ready

A bug out bag requires regular maintenance to remain effective. Establish this maintenance schedule:

Maintenance Timetable

Weekly Quick Check:

Visual inspection of bag placement and readiness
Verification of critical medications and documents

Monthly Review:

Battery check and rotation
Food and water inspection
Seasonal clothing verification

Quarterly Deep Inspection:

Complete inventory verification
Medication rotation
Food rotation
Equipment testing
Seasonal gear updates

Annual Overhaul:

Complete disassembly and inventory
Replacement of expired items
Update of documentation
Reassessment of needs based on family changes
Equipment maintenance and repair

Interactive Checklist: Build Your Personalized Bug Out Bag

Use this comprehensive checklist to assemble your bug out bag, customizing it to your specific needs and regional considerations.

Water & Hydration

Water bottles (1-2 liters immediately accessible)
Hydration bladder (2-3 liters in pack)
Water filter/purifier (0.1-0.2 micron filtration capacity)
Chemical water treatment backup
Collapsible water container
Electrolyte replacement
Water collection methods (appropriate to your region)

Shelter & Warmth

Appropriate shelter (tent, bivy, tarp – climate dependent)
Sleeping bag (rated for regional low temperatures)
Sleeping pad (adequate R-value for your climate)
Emergency blanket(s)
Tarp (secondary shelter/multi-use)
Paracord (50-100 feet)
Fire starting tools (minimum 3 methods)
Tinder and fire accelerants
Heat sources appropriate to your region

Medical & Health

Comprehensive first aid kit with trauma supplies
Personal medications (14-day supply minimum)
Hygiene supplies (biodegradable soap, hand sanitizer)
Toilet paper and sanitation supplies
Insect repellent (region-appropriate)
Sunscreen
Foot care supplies
Eyewear (spare glasses if needed)
Personal medical information card
First aid reference guide

Food & Nutrition

3-day minimum food supply (2,500-3,500 calories/person/day)
Food requiring no preparation
Food requiring minimal preparation
Cooking equipment (if required by food choices)
Eating utensils
Compact stove and fuel (if appropriate)
Food storage bags
Hunting/gathering tools (region-appropriate)

Clothing & Personal Items

Complete change of climate-appropriate clothing
Additional socks (minimum 3 pairs)
Weather protection (rain gear, sun protection)
Hat (appropriate to climate)
Gloves (work gloves and thermal if needed)
Bandana/shemagh (multiple uses)
Sturdy footwear
Personal hygiene kit
Small towel

Tools & Equipment

Fixed-blade knife (4-6 inch blade)
Multi-tool
Compact saw or cutting tool
Headlamp/flashlight
Extra batteries or charging method
Duct tape
Repair kit (needles, thread, patches)
Work gloves
Small shovel or entrenching tool (terrain-dependent)
Defense tools appropriate to your training and situation

Navigation & Communication

Paper maps of your region and evacuation routes
Compass
Whistle (signaling)
Emergency radio (hand-crank/solar)
Cell phone charger/power bank
Signal mirror
Emergency contact information (laminated)
Local emergency frequency list
Notebook and pencils
Light sticks/signal flares (area-appropriate)

Documentation & Financial

Personal identification
Insurance information (photos, policy numbers)
Property documentation
Medical information and records
Emergency contacts list
Cash in small denominations
Copies of prescriptions
Family photos (for identification/reunion purposes)
USB drive with encrypted important documents

Weight Management: The Reality Check

Now that you’ve seen the comprehensive list, it’s time for the critical reality check that most bug out bag guides omit: you cannot carry everything you might want or need. Effective preparedness means making strategic decisions about what to include and exclude.

The Weight Calculation Worksheet

Use this worksheet to calculate your bag’s weight and ensure it stays within manageable limits:

Your body weight: _____ lbs
Maximum recommended carry (20% of body weight): _____ lbs
Weight of empty pack: _____ lbs
Remaining weight budget for contents: _____ lbs

Now allocate this budget across categories:

Water (typically heaviest): _____ lbs
Food: _____ lbs
Shelter & Sleep System: _____ lbs
Clothing: _____ lbs
Medical Supplies: _____ lbs
Tools & Equipment: _____ lbs
Documentation & Miscellaneous: _____ lbs

Practical Packing Test

After assembling your bug out bag, conduct this practical test:

Fully pack your bag with all intended contents
Weigh the complete package
Put it on and walk for 30 minutes
Climb several flights of stairs
Remove and repack the bag within 60 seconds
Honestly assess your mobility and comfort

If you struggle with any of these tests, your bag needs weight reduction. Remember: a bug out bag you cannot carry is worse than a lighter bag that omits some items.

Specialized Considerations

Bug Out Bags for Pets

If your family includes pets, they need preparation too:

Pet carrier or leash/harness
3-day pet food supply
Collapsible food/water bowls
Pet medications
Pet first aid items
Comfort items (toy, blanket)
Waste management supplies
Pet documentation (vaccination records, photos)

Bugging Out with Limited Mobility

For those with mobility challenges or disabilities:

Prioritize lighter weight equipment
Consider specialized mobility aids that are portable
Include backup parts for essential medical equipment
Pack additional medications
Document specific medical needs for emergency responders
Consider a more robust communication system

Vehicle Bug Out Kits

In addition to your portable bug out bag, consider a vehicle-based extension kit:

Additional water and food supplies
More robust shelter options
Extended first aid supplies
Vehicle repair tools
Jumper cables/portable jump starter
Extra fuel (stored properly)
Tow strap
Additional clothing and comfort items

This vehicle kit complements your portable bug out bag but remains with your vehicle if you must proceed on foot.

Preparation Meets Practicality

A bug out bag represents a balance between preparation and practicality. The most effective approach recognizes that:

No bag can prepare you for everything. Skills, knowledge, and adaptability are equally important.
Regular practice is essential. An emergency is not the time to learn how to use your equipment.
Local knowledge provides advantages. Customize your preparations based on your specific region, likely scenarios, and personal needs.
Community increases resilience. Consider how your preparations connect with your community and support network.
Update as you learn. Let each practice session, test, or real-world use inform improvements to your system.

Remember that a bug out bag is a tool to support the most critical resource in any emergency: you and your ability to make good decisions under pressure. The best emergency kit in the world cannot replace sound judgment, adaptability, and the willingness to act decisively when necessary.

By approaching your bug out bag as a strategic system rather than just a collection of gear, you transform it from an insurance policy you hope never to use into a confidence-building tool that enhances your overall preparedness and peace of mind.

This guide represents best practices based on expert recommendations and real-world experience. Always consult local emergency management agencies for specific guidance relevant to your area.